A free guide to music

Understand music.
Then make it.

Music theory, production tools, reference charts and plain-language guides — every topic in one place, every tool in your browser.

General music education only. No personal advice. All tools run in your browser — nothing is sent anywhere.

02 — Tools

Tools for work and practice

Every tool runs in your browser. No sign-up, no server, no personal data collected.

Scale finder

A4 = 440 Hz · Equal temperament · Western tonal
Root
Scale
A 1
B 2
C ♭3
D 4
E 5
F ♭6
G ♭7
Tap a key or press Play

Tempo & delay time

Tap or drag · results in ms
120 BPM
Allegro
Note value Delay (ms)
Whole note 2000 ms
Half note 1000 ms
Dotted quarter 750 ms
Quarter note 500 ms
Dotted eighth 375 ms
Eighth note 250 ms
Dotted sixteenth 188 ms
Sixteenth note 125 ms
Eighth note triplet 167 ms
Quarter triplet 333 ms

Beat length = 60 000 ÷ BPM · A4 = 440 Hz · Equal temperament

03 — Charts

Reference you can read at a glance

Every chart states units, scale type and what is approximate. Click a bar for more detail.

Where instruments sit

Approximate ranges — logarithmic frequency scale (Hz)

Piano
28 Hz 4.2 kHz
Violin
196 Hz 3.1 kHz
Viola
131 Hz 1.6 kHz
Cello
65 Hz 523 Hz
Double bass
41 Hz 392 Hz
Flute
262 Hz 2.1 kHz
Oboe
233 Hz 1.6 kHz
Clarinet (B♭)
147 Hz 1.6 kHz
Bassoon
58 Hz 494 Hz
Trumpet (B♭)
165 Hz 988 Hz
French horn (F)
58 Hz 622 Hz
Trombone
58 Hz 523 Hz
Tuba
29 Hz 233 Hz
Guitar
82 Hz 1.2 kHz
Bass guitar
41 Hz 262 Hz
Soprano voice
262 Hz 880 Hz
Mezzo-soprano
220 Hz 784 Hz
Alto voice
175 Hz 622 Hz
Tenor voice
131 Hz 440 Hz
Baritone voice
110 Hz 392 Hz
Bass voice
82 Hz 331 Hz

Values approximate. Source: standard orchestration references. Extended techniques and individual variation not shown. Colour: ■ highlighted · ■ other

Key signatures

Sharps and flats per key · circle of fifths order

Exact values. Enharmonic equivalents (F♯/G♭) share a circle position.

04 — Paths

Not sure where to begin? Follow a path.

01

First steps in music

Absolute beginners

  1. 01 What is pitch and how notes work
  2. 02 The major scale: your first seven notes
  3. 03 Reading a key signature
  4. 04 Simple chords: major and minor triads
Start path

02

Home producer

Beatmakers and DAW users

  1. 01 Tempo, BPM and time signatures
  2. 02 Delay times that lock to the grid
  3. 03 Minor pentatonic — the producer's scale
  4. 04 EQ frequency ranges: what each band does
Start path

03

Releasing your music

Independent artists

  1. 01 Who owns a song: composition vs recording
  2. 02 What a music copyright is and when it starts
  3. 03 Royalty types: mechanical, performance, sync
  4. 04 Registering and distributing your release
Start path

How it works

One page template, every topic.

Short answer · the idea explained · see and hear it · try it in the tool · where it applies in your music · next step. The same shape every time, so you always know where to look.

  • Reviewed content. Every guide shows its level, reviewer role and review date.
  • Correct notation. Real music symbols — ♯ ♭ ♮ — and enharmonic spelling that follows the key.
  • Labelled approximations. Instrument ranges and EQ bands are marked approximate with their reference.
  • Commerce separated. Affiliate and sponsored content is labelled at the top of any page it appears on. It never influences a guide.
Theory · Beginner Reviewed Oct 2026

[Topic title as a question]

1
Short answer Two or three sentences in plain words.
2
The idea The explanation, with standard terms introduced.
3
See and hear it Keyboard, fretboard or waveform with a play button.
4
Try it The tool for this topic, pre-set to the page example.
5
Next step Related topics and the next item in the learning path.